According to the aKPEiK accelerated transition scenario (the WAM scenario, standing for \u2018with additional measures\u2019), industrial emissions in Poland are set to fall by 10.6% by 2030 and by as much as 48.9% by 2040 compared to 2020 levels. However, for this to happen, the sector must invest PLN 177 billion in modernising its facilities by the end of the next decade.<\/p>\n
The document accurately identifies the key elements necessary for decarbonisation, but does not provide sufficient answers regarding the actions required. It lacks data on energy consumption broken down by specific fuels, which would allow for an assessment of the pace of electrification of industrial processes. Electrification is not presented as a direction or objective, despite the fact that the growth in final energy demand points to a rapid increase in the level of industrial electrification. There is a clear focus on energy-intensive industries and selected technologies.<\/p>\n
The pace of transformation of Polish industry envisaged in the KPEiK falls short of the average ambitions required to meet the EU\u2019s 2040 targets. But even such conservative plans will not be achievable without active state support<\/em> \u2013 explains Krzysztof Koby\u0142ka, a fellow at the Reform Institute.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
The Strategy for Poland\u2019s Development until 2035 takes a selective approach to the issue<\/h4>\n
The Strategy also fails to provide a complete picture, despite highlighting industrial decarbonisation in two priorities. Only issues relating to CCS (carbon capture and storage) and the circular economy have been clearly highlighted. Other technologies have been omitted or treated marginally. This applies in particular to the electrification of industrial processes, improvements in energy efficiency and hydrogen technologies. There is a lack of a broader assessment of the sector\u2019s situation, including a data-driven baseline analysis and a clear link between the problems and the proposed solutions. The strategy implementation framework is incomplete and inconsistent \u2013 for example, only a single indicator for CCS technology has been applied in relation to industry.<\/p>\n
There is a lack of a roadmap and a lead agency<\/h4>\n
The expert emphasises that it is necessary to create a coherent system of strategic documents, in which Strategy for Poland’s Development 2035 will set the general direction of industrial transformation, and subsequent updates to the KPEiK based on specific indicators will reflect these assumptions.<\/p>\n
A horizontal strategic document dedicated to industrial decarbonisation is also urgently needed.<\/p>\n
The first step towards developing a national policy should be to designate the ministry responsible for industrial transformation. Integrating this into a broader ecosystem of strategic documents, however, requires filling numerous gaps in the Strategy with elements relating to industry (as part of the industrial strategy).<\/p>\n
The KPEiK and SRP2035 are consistent in their direction \u2013 both recognise the decarbonisation of industry as necessary in the current political, economic and environmental context. However, these documents do not provide a detailed plan for its implementation. Such a plan should include data-driven operationalisation of policies, an implementation timetable and the entities responsible for implementation<\/em> \u2013 notes Koby\u0142ka.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
A robust approach to electrification<\/h4>\n
The report indicates that government documents have paid insufficient attention to the role that electrification can play in the transformation of Polish industry.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Electrification should be a pillar of industrial decarbonisation. We must increase its role, first and foremost in SRP2035 \u2013 which is still in the preparatory phase \u2013 in subsequent updates to the KPEiK and in new strategic documents. At the same time, appropriate mechanisms for financing investments in new technologies must be created, and systematic efforts must be made to reduce electricity prices for industry. Without these, the industrial transition simply will not get off the ground \u2013 points out Klaudia Janik, climate and energy policy analyst at the Reform Institute.<\/p>\n
One possible solution is the use of unilateral contracts for difference for heat production from electricity. Financial support under a contract for difference should cover the difference in operating costs between an electrified heat source and a reference source (e.g. a gas boiler). The instrument would stabilise energy prices for industry and thus provide an incentive for investment in electrification technologies.<\/p>\n
The expert emphasises that it is also essential to analyse the possibility of Poland utilising the new state aid rules to support investment in industry. Such an analysis is currently lacking.<\/p>\n
We should also strive to increase the participation of Polish companies in EU-level, central support programmes. This applies both to auctions for decarbonised heat from the Innovation Fund and to instruments planned under the Industrial Decarbonisation Bank \u2013 adds Janik.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u2018Made in Poland\u2019 will not survive without help<\/h4>\n
The report\u2019s authors emphasise that the decarbonisation of industry is a prerequisite for Poland\u2019s continued economic development. Without clear guidance from the government, companies will delay investment decisions. As a result, the competitiveness of Polish products will decline in the face of cheaper \u2013 often subsidised \u2013 alternatives from China. Goods with a high carbon footprint will also lose out in competition on European markets. Those countries that are quickest to incorporate the instruments offered by the European Union \u2013 including those under the Clean Industrial Deal \u2013 into their strategies will find themselves in a privileged position. It is therefore in Poland\u2019s interest to develop mechanisms as soon as possible to support local firms in moving away from their dependence on coal and gas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2682,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[],"obszar-tematyczny":[85],"priorytet":[43],"rodzaj-dokumentu":[84],"class_list":["post-2850","publikacja","type-publikacja","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","obszar-tematyczny-clean-industry","priorytet-climate-neutral-economy","rodzaj-dokumentu-reform-institute-report"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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